Ivy Tech Anatomy and Physiology II (APHY 102) Heart Practice Test

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• Which artery runs in the left atrioventricular groove and supplies the left ventricle?
• The inner lining of the heart chambers is called the?
• Which receptor subtype mediates the heart's rate increase during sympathetic stimulation?
• Which vessel is the main outflow tract from the heart to the systemic circulation?
• What is the role of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles?
• The coronary sinus drains into which chamber?
• Two structures unique to cardiac intercalated discs?
• What prevents cardiac muscle cells from ripping apart during contraction?
• Which vessel returns oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium?
• Which ion primarily drives the rapid depolarization phase (phase 0) of ventricular action potentials?
• Under the Frank-Starling mechanism, which variable primarily increases as venous return rises when contractility is constant?
• What electrical event does the P wave on an ECG represent?
• Which condition is characterized by the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, often with reduced ejection fraction?
• During ventricular relaxation, what happens to the semilunar valves and the AV valves?
• Which network is responsible for transmitting impulses rapidly through the ventricles via gap junctions to coordinate contraction?
• During which phase do the AV and semilunar valves close and the first heart sound is heard, with ventricular pressure rising but no volume change?
• From which vessels does the left atrium receive oxygenated blood?
• Which artery runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies the anterior wall of the heart?
• During which phase are the ventricles contracting and emptying, and the semilunar valves are open?
• Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
• Which part of the aorta continues downward through the thorax?
• Which chamber sends oxygenated blood to the left ventricle?
• What valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
• Which vessels bring deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium?
• Which statement best describes BNP's function?
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?
• Which systemic arterial parameter is most directly used to evaluate afterload?
• The Frank-Starling mechanism describes the relationship between venous return and which cardiac parameter?
• Name the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
• Which vein returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium?
• Which artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the left lung?
• What is the first major branch of the aortic arch?
• Approximately how long is the impulse-delaying period in the AV node?
• Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange?
• The ANS sympathetic stimulation has what general effect on heart rate and contractility?
• Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
• Which electrolyte disturbance is most commonly associated with prolonged QT interval on ECG?
• Most cardiac veins drain into which structure before delivering blood to the right atrium?
• Which statement best defines stroke volume?
• If venous return increases (and preload increases) assuming contractility is constant, what happens to stroke volume?
• Which ECG wave represents atrial depolarization?
• Which vessel is the major trunk that supplies the right side of the head and arm?
• The first heart sound (S1) is produced by the closure of which valves?
• Which valve prevents backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle?
• Isovolumetric Contraction occurs when the AV valves are closed.
• What conducts impulses from the AV node toward the ventricles and toward the apex?
• Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one contraction. It is most closely associated with which chamber?
• Which arteries nourish the heart muscle?
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
• Which chamber receives blood from the body in systemic circulation?
• Which small mass of specialized cardiac muscle in the wall of the right atrium acts as the natural pacemaker by producing regular impulses?
• What is the primary function of the AV node in atrioventricular conduction?
• Which artery primarily supplies the right side of the heart?
• If a person has a resting heart rate of 110 beats per minute, which term best describes this condition?
• Which influence decreases heart rate?
• What is the normal range of ejection fraction in a healthy adult?
• What term describes the noises produced by the beating heart?
• What nourishes the myocardium?
• When the foramen ovale closes immediately after birth, what does it become?
• During diastole, what is the role of the coronary arteries?
• Which statement best describes ejection fraction?
• Which interval on an ECG is used to estimate AV conduction time?
• What is the general function of heart valves?
• Which influence increases heart rate and the force of contraction?
• What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?
• Which vessel drains blood from the lower parts of the body into the right atrium?
• The volume of blood in the ventricle at end diastole is defined as which of the following?
• Which artery carries blood to the left lung?
• Cardiac output is usually expressed in which units?
• Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
• What tissue primarily composes the heart muscle?
• Which structure coordinates atrial and ventricular activation and delays impulses by about 0.12 seconds to allow atrial contraction?
• What separates the atria?
• The first heart sound (S1) is produced by the closure of which valves?
• The epicardium is also known as which layer?
• Where is the sinoatrial node located?
• During isovolumetric relaxation, which condition describes ventricular volume?
• What is the function of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation and what occurs after birth?
• After birth, the foramen ovale closes to form which structure?
• In a fetal heart, which opening allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium?
• Which valve closes between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?
• Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is the product of which two variables?
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?
• The term used to describe the heart's electrical activity as line tracings on paper with waves is called what?
• The left atrium is represented by which term in anatomical shorthand?
• Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters which heart chamber?
• Why is diastolic pressure typically lower than systolic pressure?
• Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange?
• Which waveform represents ventricular repolarization?
• Which factors determine cardiac output?
• What are the muscle ridges inside the atria?
• Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circulation?
• Which chamber is separated from the left ventricle by the bicuspid valve?
• The chambers that are very small, thin, and wrinkled are known as?
• Isovolumetric contraction occurs when which valves are closed?
• Through which conduction pathway do impulses travel from the AV node toward the apex of the heart?
• The difference between the rate at which the heart pumps blood at rest and its maximum capacity is called the:
• Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium?
• When the ventricles begin to contract, what happens to the AV valves and later to the semilunar valves?
• Which vessel returns blood from the heart muscle to the right atrium?
• What term describes the myocardium's ability to depolarize and contract as a single unit due to rapid, directional conduction through gap junctions?
• Which anatomical structure provides the delay between atrial and ventricular contractions in the heart's conducting system?
• What is the test that checks the heart's electrical activity and presents line tracings on paper with waves?
• Which structure contracts to tense the chordae tendineae during ventricular contraction?
• Stroke volume is typically measured in which units?
• What is the mechanism of action of ANP/BNP on blood pressure?
• Which two valves have chordae tendineae and papillary muscles attached?
• What brings O2 POOR blood from the myocardium to the right atrium?
• Which vein accompanies the anterior interventricular artery and drains into the coronary sinus?
• What collects blood from the myocardium (wastes)?
• Which chamber pumps blood to the systemic circulation?
• In an ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?
• Which structure is primarily involved in preventing AV valve prolapse by connecting leaflets to ventricular walls?
• How is mean arterial pressure approximately calculated in a resting adult?
• Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
• Which natriuretic peptide is produced primarily by the ventricles in response to stretch?
• Which artery is the major supplier of oxygenated blood to the heart?
• Which artery supplies the left side of the head and neck and branches directly from the aortic arch?
• Which vessel travels in the coronary sulcus along the posterior surface and supplies the right atrium and ventricle?
• The Lub sound is produced by closing of which valves?
• Which artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart and runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus?
• The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of contraction (systole) is called which term?
• P wave on an ECG represents depolarization of which chamber?
• What is the effect of increasing extracellular calcium on cardiac contractility?
• What is afterload?
• What two chambers carry O2 POOR blood?
• Define isovolumetric relaxation.
• Which two valves are associated with the left ventricle?
• Which structures bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart?
• Which layer lies directly on the surface of the heart?
• What is preload?
• Catecholamines increase heart rate and contractility via which receptor type?
• Which chamber pumps blood into the systemic circuit?
• Which artery is a major branch that supplies the left arm?
• On an ECG, which statement correctly describes the PR interval?
• What are the muscle ridges inside the ventricles?
• Name the major veins that drain the myocardium into the coronary sinus.
• The muscular middle layer of the heart wall is called the?
• Which term describes the muscular wall dividing the ventricles?
• Which structure is the remnant of the fetal foramen ovale on the interatrial septum?
• Which layer of the heart wall is composed of cardiac muscle responsible for contraction?
• Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
• What takes blood out of the left ventricle?
• In the list of phases of the cardiac cycle, what is the second phase?
• What equation expresses cardiac output?
• Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
• Which artery primarily supplies the heart muscle on the left side?
• What receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?
• Opening of the semilunar valves allows the ventricles to:
• Which receptor mediates parasympathetic slowing of the heart rate?
• End-systolic volume (ESV) is defined as the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction.
• Distinguish between systolic and diastolic heart failure.
• Which vessels empty into the right atrium?
• Which autonomic receptor mediates heart rate decrease via parasympathetic stimulation?
• During which phase are the AV valves open and the heart is relaxed?
• Which structure connects valve leaflets to the papillary muscles via tendinous cords?
• Which valves are considered the AV valves?
• In the phase sequence, which phase is the fourth phase?
• Which ECG wave represents ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization?
• Which valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
• Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
• Which vessels supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
• Which muscle forms ridges within the atrial walls known as pectinate muscles?
• Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the AV valves at the start of ventricular systole?
• The bundle branches transmit impulses to which tissue?
• End diastolic volume would increase with which physiological change?
• Which vein drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle into the right atrium?
• Which phase is characterized by ventricular relaxation after contraction?
• Which phase is the Ventricular Ejection phase?
• During the cardiac cycle, which phase is characterized by a rapid rise in left ventricular pressure with no change in volume as the mitral and aortic valves are closed?
• Define end-systolic volume (ESV).
• End-diastolic volume refers to the volume of blood in the ventricle at what moment?
• Outermost layer encountered when piercing through to the pericardial sac from outside the chest?
• What two structures aid the atrioventricular valves in preventing backflow?
• What brings O2 RICH blood out of the aorta to supply the heart?
• Which chamber has the thickest wall (2-3x bigger) and why?
• What valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta?
• Which phase follows Atrial Systole in the listed sequence?
• During which part of the cardiac cycle is coronary blood flow to the myocardium greatest?
• Which circulation moves blood from the heart to the lungs and back?
• Which structure is attached to the chordae tendinae?
• The chambers that are larger and more muscular are the?
• Elevation of which parameter would most directly increase afterload?
• Trabeculae Carneae are the muscular ridge in the ventricles; which term describes these structures?
• What two chambers carry O2 RICH blood?
• Trabeculae Carneae are muscular ridges located in which chamber of the heart?
• Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle into the left atrium?
• The atrioventricular valves are the mitral and tricuspid valves. During which phase are these valves open?
• Which artery is commonly referred to as the left anterior descending artery when describing coronary arteries?
• Which statement describes the Frank-Starling law?
• Which statement best describes the effect of ANP/BNP on systemic vascular resistance?
• Through which mechanism do catecholamines increase heart rate and contractility?
• What provides electrical coupling between cardiac muscle cells?
• The normal conducting pathway sequence starting from the SA node includes these structures in order?
• Between which structures is the Aortic Semilunar Valve located?
• What valve lies between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle?
• Which ion primarily drives the plateau phase of cardiac muscle action potentials?
• In systolic heart failure, what happens to ejection fraction?
• During systole, coronary blood flow to the myocardium is:
• The term for a complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat is what?
• What is the effect of reducing afterload on stroke volume in a healthy heart?
• Which of the following best describes the effect of epinephrine on the heart?
• Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
• Which receptor subtype increases heart rate during sympathetic stimulation?
• What structure serves as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
• What valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?
• During which phase does pressure decrease rapidly, the ventricles begin to relax, and the semilunar valves close with the second heart sound?
• How does an increase in heart rate affect diastolic filling time?
• Define end-diastolic volume (EDV).
• Opening of the AV valves allows the ventricles to:
• The atrium contracts and blood flows from atrium to ventricle. Which phase is this?
• Diastolic heart failure is best described as which of the following?
• From which vessel does the heart receive the right-dominant coronary supply on the left side?
• What forms dense connective tissue in the heart that electrically separates the atria from the ventricles?
• Define stroke volume.
• Which cells generate action potentials that spread throughout the myocardium causing the heart to contract as a single unit?
• Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
• Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs?
• What muscular wall separates the left and right ventricles?
• Which structure anchors AV valve leaflets to prevent prolapse during systole?
• What takes blood out of the right ventricle?
• What is the typical normal resting heart rate for adults?
• Which fibers spread action potentials through gap junctions to all ventricular cardiomyocytes, coordinating ventricular contraction?
• What separates the ventricles?